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CONCRETE is the most important building material with a wide scope of application in the field of capital construction, which is obtained by hardening mixtures of viscous substances, water, fillers and special additives. Concrete and mixtures used at various stages of construction work, in order to fulfill their purpose, must meet certain requirements: be strong, waterproof, frost-resistant – all these requirements are directly dependent on the density of the mortar and concrete mixture: the higher the density of the mixture, the more stronger, moisture- and frost-resistant.
In the case of construction of a building made of concrete, its types and brands are determined at the stage of project creation. Different types and brands of concrete are used for different elements of the building structure. It is necessary to determine for which concrete element of the structure (foundation, load-bearing walls, internal partitions, floors) the brand of concrete is chosen.
Brands and classes of concrete. When designing concrete and reinforced concrete structures, the necessary concrete characteristics are assigned: strength class (grade), frost resistance and waterproofing grades.
The strength grade of concrete is the resistance to axial compression of control samples in kg/cm2. The following grades of concrete are used in construction: M50, M75, M100, M150, M200, M250, M350, M400, M450, M550, M600, M700, M800.
The class of concrete is a numerical characteristic of any of its properties, accepted with a guaranteed security of 0.95. This means that the property set by the class is provided in at least 95 cases out of 100, and only in 5 cases it can be expected to be unfulfilled. Concretes are divided into classes: B1; B1.5; In 2; B2.5; B3.5; In 5; B7.5; At 10; At 12.5; B15; B20; B25; B30; B40; B45; B50; B55; B60.
The brand of concrete for frost resistance is the largest number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing, which samples of the specified sizes can withstand during testing without a reduction in compressive strength of more than 5% compared to the strength of samples tested at an equivalent age. And for road concrete, in addition, even without mass loss of more than 5%. The following frost resistance grades have been established: F50, F75, F100, F150, F200, F300, F400, F500.
The waterproofing grade of concrete is the water pressure at which the installed samples do not pass water under standard test conditions. The following grades of concrete are used for waterproofing: W2, W4, W6, W8, W10, W12.
Conventional designations:
M – brand of concrete B – class of concrete
F – frost resistance W – waterproof
W/A – without additives With/A – with additives
